Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Carnation 1 alphacryptovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R.G. Milne, V. Lisa and C. Marzachí, 1991.

Nomenclature

Acronym

CCV-1

ICTV decimal code

49.0.3.0.006

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms none.
• Dianthus caryophyllus - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (probably, and also in cuttings).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (wherever carnations are grown).

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Dianthus caryophyllus.

Susceptible host species

• Dianthus caryophyllus

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: ISEM effective.

Purification method

Lisa et al. (1981). Grind leaves in 0.5M phosphate buffer, pH 7, containing 0.02 M Na₂SO₃, 0.005 M EDTA and 0.01 M DIECA. Shake with equal volume of CHCl₃, separate the aqueous phase by low speed centrifugation, and pellet the virus at 78000 x g for 150 mins. Resuspend, band in a CsCl density gradient.

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 29 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Density 1.337 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; double-stranded; linear; of three parts. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Lisa et al. (1981). Additional factor Marzachí et al. (1988).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, mesophyll and probably all parts of the host plant. Inclusions absent from infected cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

Alphacryptovirus: Partitiviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

White clover 1 and 2, beet 1 and 2, ryegrass, all three hop trefoil viruses and poinsettia cryptoviruses.

Differences between type strain and others

No named or clearly identified strains, but one isolate from Israel had serologically related, but distinct, virions.

Best tests for diagnosis

The dsRNA pattern is diagnostic. The small isometric virions can be confused with those of carnation mottle virus, especially its attenuated forms; however, serology, especially ISEM plus decoration, can distinguish the two and identify mixtures. N.B. all antisera to other carnation viruses may contain antibodies to carnation cryptic virus, as most carnations are infected.

Comments and References

References

• Boccardo, G., Lisa, V., Luisoni, E. and Milne, R.G. (1987). Adv. Virus Res. 32: 171.
• Francki, R.I.B., Milne, R.G. and Hatta, T. (1985). In: An Atlas of Plant Viruses Vol. 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A.
• Lisa, V., Luisoni, E. and Milne, R.G. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 175.
• Lisa, V., Boccardo, G. and Milne, R.G. (1981). Virology 115: 410.
• Lisa, V., Luisoni, E. and Milne, R.G. (1981). Ann. appl. Biol. 98: 431.
• Lisa, V., Luisoni, E. and Milne, R.G. (1986). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 315, 4 pp.
• Marzachí, C., Milne, R.G. and Boccardo, G. (1988). Virology 165: 115.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 16^th January 1997.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.