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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Cassava Indian mosaic bigeminivirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by V. Muniyappa, 1992.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

Indian cassava mosaic virus.

Acronym

ICMV

ICTV decimal code

29.0.3.0.020

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally. Symptoms mosaic, chlorosis and deformation of leaves.
• Manihot esculenta - mosaic and irregular chlorotic patches on leaves with distortion and stunting. Enations sometimes, on abaxial surfaces of leaves.
• M. glaziovii - leaf mosaic and deformation.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Alagianagalingam et al. (1966), Malathi et al. (1985).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in India and Sri Lanka.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show chlorotic lesions, systemic mosaic, vein thickening, leaf curling deformation and stunting.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Datura stramonium, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. debneyi, N. glutinosa, N. occidentalis, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum (cv. Jaysree) and Petunia × hybrida - vein-clearing, chlorotic lesions, mosaic, curling and stunting.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Abelmoschus esculentus, Chenopodium quinoa, Croton bonplandianus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Gomphrena globosa.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Manihot esculenta, M. glaziovii, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Jayasree and N. hybrida.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana benthamiana (W), N. glutinosa (W), N. hybrida (W), N. tabacum (cvs Jaysree and Samsun) (W).

Susceptible host species

• Datura stramonium
• Manihot esculenta
• Manihot glaziovii
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana hybrida
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Ageratum conyzoides
• Arachis hypogaea
• Cajanus cajan
• Capsicum annuum
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Citrullus lanatus
• Croton bonplandianus
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura metel
• Euphorbia heterophylla
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gossypium hirsutum
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Macrotyloma uniflorum
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Sesamum indicum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum tuberosum
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Euphorbiaceae (2/4)
• Solanaceae (14/19)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/4)
• Compositae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Euphorbiaceae (2/4)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11/11)
• Malvaceae (2/2)
• Pedaliaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (5 /19)

Sources of host-range data

Mathew (1988), Mathew and Muniyappa (1991), Mathew and Muniyappa (1993).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55-60 °C. LIV: 3 days (at room temperature). DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-4. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Mathew and Muniyappa, (1992).

Particle morphology

Virions geminate; 16-18 nm in diameter; 30 nm in length.

Physical properties

A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.4.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of DNA; single-stranded; circular.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• Z24758 Em(40)_vi:ICMVCGA Gb(84)_vi:ICMVCGA Indian cassava mosaic virus encoding AR0 complete CDS. 3/94 2,815bp.
• Z24759 Em(40)_vi:ICMVBR1A Gb(84)_vi:ICMVBR1A Indian cassava mosaic virus BR1 and BL1 genes, complete CDS's. 2/94 2,645bp. 2 sequences.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 34000; coat protein.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, phloem; in cytoplasm and in nuclei.

Taxonomy and relationships

bigeminivirus: Geminiviridae

Comments and References

General comments

Virus isolates from cassava (Manihot esculenta) in India and Sri Lanka, although earlier tentatively regarded as Group C isolates of African cassava mosaic geminivirus, are now considered to be those of a distinct virus and named Indian cassava mosaic geminivirus (Harrison et al., 1986; Harrison and Robinson, 1988). The virus is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci, induces conspicuous leaf symptoms in infected plants and causes ultrastructural effects typical of geminiviruses (Roberts, 1989). The virus is serologically more closely related to some other geminiviruses than to African cassava mosaic geminivirus.

References

• Abraham, A. (1956). Farm Bulletin No. 17. Ind. Counc. Agric. Res. New Delhi, 20 pp.
• Alagianagalingam, M.N. and Ramakrishnan, K. (1966). South Ind. Hort 14: 71.
• Malathi, V.G., Narr, N.G. and Santha, P. (1985). Tech. Bull. Ser. 5. Central Tuber Crops Res. Inst. Trivandrum, India. 18pp.
• Harrison, B.D. and Robinson, D.J. (1988). Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 3321: 447.
• Harrison, B.D., Lennon, A.M., Massalski, P.R., Robinson, D.J. and Thomas, J.E. (1986). Rep. Scottish Crop Res. Inst. 1985, p. 179.
• Mathew, A.V. (1988) Ph.D. Thesis, 237 pp. Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore, India.
• Mathew, A.V. and Muniyappa, V. (1991). Fitopatol. Bras. 16: 46.
• Mathew, A.V. and Muniyappa, V. (1992). J. Phytopathology 135: 299.
• Mathew, A.V. and Muniyappa, V. (1993). Indian Phytopathology 46: 16
• Roberts, I.M. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 2729.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 16^th January 1997.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.