Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Closteroviruses

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Illustrations

Nomenclature

ICTV reference

ICTV decimal code 17.0.1.

Definitive species

• Beet yellow stunt closterovirus
• Beet yellows closterovirus
• Broad bean severe chlorosis closterovirus
• Burdock yellows closterovirus
• Carnation necrotic fleck closterovirus
• Citrus tristeza closterovirus
• Clover yellows closterovirus
• Grapevine stem pitting associated closterovirus
• Wheat yellow leaf closterovirus

Tentative species

• Abutilon yellows (?) closterovirus
• Alligatorweed stunting (?) closterovirus
• Beet pseudo-yellows (?) closterovirus
• Carrot yellow leaf (?) closterovirus
• Cassia severe mosaic (?) closterovirus
• Cucumber chlorotic spot (?) closterovirus
• Dendrobium vein necrosis (?) closterovirus
• Diodia vein chlorosis (?) closterovirus
• Festuca necrosis (?) closterovirus
• Grapevine corky bark-associated (?) closterovirus
• Grapevine leafroll-associated (?) closterovirus
• Lettuce infectious yellows (?) closterovirus
• Peach yellow leaf (?) closterovirus
• Pineapple wilt-associated (?) closterovirus
• Sweet potato sunken vein (?) closterovirus
• Tomato infectious chlorosis (?) closterovirus

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist (13/13), or vary seasonally (1/13), or disappear soon after infection (1/13).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector (20/20); an insect (20/20); Aleyrodidae (6/19), or Aphididae (10/19), or Psyllidae (1/19), or Pseudococcidae (2/19). Transmitted in a non-persistent manner (2/14), or in a semi-persistent manner (12/14). Virus lost by the vector when it moults (4/4); does not multiply in the vector (4/4); not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector (4/4); can help the vector transmission of another virus (1/1); transmitted by mechanical inoculation (9/19), or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation (10/19); transmitted by grafting (8/8); not transmitted by contact between plants (8/8); not transmitted by seed (7/7); not transmitted by pollen (2/2).

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible (2/18), or several (3-9) families susceptible (3/18), or few (<3) families susceptible (13/18).

Susceptible host species

• Abutilon (1)
• Aeglopsis chevalieri (1)
• Afraegle paniculata (1)
• Alternanthera philoxeroides (1)
• Ananas comosus (1)
• Anthriscus cerefolium (1)
• Anthriscus sylvestris (1)
• Aquilegia (1)
• Arctium lappa (1)
• Atriplex hortensis (1)
• Avena sativa (1)
• Beta macrocarpa (2)
• Beta vulgaris (4)
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (1)
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa (1)
• Callistephus chinensis (1)
• Capsella bursa-pastoris (2)
• Carthamus tinctorius (1)
• Cassia corymbosa (1)
• Cassia occidentalis (1)
• Cassia tora (1)
• Celosia cristata (1)
• Chenopodium album (3)
• Chenopodium amaranticolor (4)
• Chenopodium ambrosioides (1)
• Chenopodium capitatum (3)
• Chenopodium foetidum (1)
• Chenopodium foliosum (1)
• Chenopodium hybridum (1)
• Chenopodium murale (3)
• Chenopodium quinoa (4)
• Cichorium endiva (2)
• Citrullus lanatus (1)
• Citrus aurantifolia (1)
• Citrus aurantium (1)
• Citrus excelsa (1)
• Citrus limon (1)
• Citrus medica (1)
• Citrus paradisi (1)
• Citrus reticulata (1)
• Citrus sinensis (1)
• Conium maculatum (1)
• Coriandrum sativum (1)
• Cucumis melo (2)
• Cucumis sativus (3)
• Cucurbita maxima (1)
• Cucurbita moschata (2)
• Cucurbita pepo (1)
• Daucus carota (3)
• Daucus carota ssp. sativus (1)
• Dendrobium phalaenopsis (1)
• Dianthus barbatus (1)
• Dianthus caryophyllus (2)
• Dianthus chinensis (1)
• Diodia virginiana (1)
• Erodium cicutarium (1)
• Festuca pratensis (1)
• Geranium dissectum (1)
• Glycine max (1)
• Helianthus annuus (1)
• Heracleum sphondylium (1)
• Hordeum vulgare (1)
• Ipomoea batatas (1)
• Ipomoea hederacea (1)
• Ipomoea nil (1)
• Ipomoea setosa (1)
• Ipomoea trichocarpa (1)
• Ipomoea trifida (1)
• Lactuca sativa (5)
• Linum grandiflorum (1)
• Linum usitatissimum (1)
• Lolium multiflorum (2)
• Lolium perenne (1)
• Lychnis chalcedonica (1)
• Lycopersicon esculentum (1)
• Malva parviflora (2)
• Montia perfoliata (3)
• Nicotiana benthamiana (2)
• Nicotiana clevelandii (8)
• Nicotiana glutinosa (2)
• Nicotiana megalosiphon (1)
• Nicotiana tabacum (2)
• Pamburus missionis (1)
• Passiflora gracilis (1)
• Petunia × hybrida (2)
• Phaseolus vulgaris (2)
• Physalis ixocarpa (1)
• Physalis wrightii (1)
• Pimpinella anisum (1)
• Pisum sativum (4)
• Prunus persica (1)
• Raphanus sativus (1)
• Secale cereale (1)
• Senecio vulgaris (1)
• Silene armeria (1)
• Solanum dulcamara (1)
• Solanum tuberosum (1)
• Sonchus oleraceus (3)
• Spinacia oleracea (3)
• Stellaria media (1)
• Taraxacum officinale (1)
• Tetragonia tetragonioides (1)
• Trifolium hybridum (1)
• Trifolium incarnatum (2)
• Trifolium repens (2)
• Trifolium subterraneum (1)
• Triticum aestivum (1)
• Tropaeolum majus (1)
• Urtica californica (1)
• Vicia faba (3)
• Vigna unguiculata (1)
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (1)
• Vitis berlandieri × Conderc 1613 (1)
• Vitis berlandieri × V. riparia (1)
• Vitis labrusca (1)
• Vitis rupestris (2)
• Vitis rupestris var. rupestris (1)
• Vitis vinifera (3)
• Zinnia elegans (3)

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus (2/12)
• Allium cepa (1/12)
• Althaea rosea (1/12)
• Bellis perennis (1/12)
• Beta vulgaris (3/12)
• Brassica campestris (1/12)
• Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis (1/12)
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus (2/12)
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (3/12)
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa (1/12)
• Brassica juncea (1/12)
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (2/12)
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata (1/12)
• Capsella bursa-pastoris (1/12)
• Capsicum annuum (1/12)
• Cassia obtusifolia (1/12)
• Chenopodium amaranticolor (4/12)
• Chenopodium capitatum (2/12)
• Chenopodium foetidum (1/12)
• Chenopodium hybridum (1/12)
• Chenopodium murale (3/12)
• Chenopodium quinoa (5/12)
• Chrysanthemum morifolium (1/12)
• Citrullus lanatus (1/12)
• Coriandrum sativum (1/12)
• Cucumis sativus (5/12)
• Cucurbita maxima (1/12)
• Cucurbita pepo (1/12)
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (1/12)
• Datura metel (1/12)
• Datura stramonium (4/12)
• Daucus carota (1/12)
• Glycine max (1/12)
• Gomphrena globosa (3/12)
• Gossypium hirsutum (2/12)
• Helianthus annuus (2/12)
• Hyoscyamus niger (1/12)
• Ipomoea nil (1/12)
• Ipomoea purpurea (1/12)
• Ipomoea tricolor (1/12)
• Lactuca sativa (3/12)
• Lavatera assurgentiflora (1/12)
• Lycopersicon esculentum (4/12)
• Malva sylvestris (1/12)
• Medicago sativa (2/12)
• Nicandra physalodes (2/12)
• Nicotiana clevelandii (1/12)
• Nicotiana debneyi (1/12)
• Nicotiana glutinosa (5/12)
• Nicotiana megalosiphon (1/12)
• Nicotiana occidentalis (1/12)
• Nicotiana rustica (1/12)
• Nicotiana sylvestris (1/12)
• Nicotiana tabacum (5/12)
• Ocimum basilicum (1/12)
• Oryza sativa (1/12)
• Petunia × hybrida (2/12)
• Phaseolus vulgaris (4/12)
• Physalis floridana (3/12)
• Pisum sativum (4/12)
• Plantago lanceolata (1/12)
• Raphanus sativus (3/12)
• Senecio vulgaris (1/12)
• Sesamum indicum (1/12)
• Sinapis alba (1/12)
• Sisymbrium irio (1/12)
• Solanum nigrum (1/12)
• Sonchus oleraceus (1/12)
• Spinacia oleracea (1/12)
• Tetragonia tetragonioides (2/12)
• Thlaspi arvense (1/12)
• Trifolium incarnatum (1/12)
• Trifolium pratense (1/12)
• Trifolium repens (1/12)
• Trifolium subterraneum (1/12)
• Vicia faba (4/12)
• Vigna unguiculata (3/12)
• Zea mays (1/12)
• Zinnia elegans (2/12)

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2)
• Bromeliaceae (1)
• Caryophyllaceae (3)
• Chenopodiaceae (6)
• Compositae (6)
• Convolvulaceae (1)
• Cruciferae (2)
• Cucurbitaceae (3)
• Geraniaceae (1)
• Gramineae (2)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (5)
• Linaceae (1)
• Malvaceae (3)
• Orchidaceae (1)
• Passifloraceae (1)
• Portulacaceae (3)
• Ranunculaceae (1)
• Rosaceae (1)
• Rubiaceae (1)
• Rutaceae (1)
• Solanaceae (9)
• Tetragoniaceae (1)
• Tropaeolaceae (1)
• Umbelliferae (3)
• Urticaceae (1)
• Vitidaceae (3)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Alliaceae (1/12)
• Amaranthaceae (3/12)
• Chenopodiaceae (6/12)
• Compositae (5/12)
• Convolvulaceae (1/12)
• Cruciferae (5/12)
• Cucurbitaceae (6/12)
• Gramineae (1/12)
• Labiatae (1/12)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/12)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (8/12)
• Malvaceae (2/12)
• Pedaliaceae (1/12)
• Plantaginaceae (1/12)
• Solanaceae (11/12)
• Tetragoniaceae (2/12)
• Umbelliferae (2/12)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 40-49.16-55 °C. LIV: 1-2-5 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3 (1/5), or 4 (4/5), or 5 (2/5). Leaf sap contains few virions (12/13), or contains many virions (1/13).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous (24/24); not enveloped (13/13); usually flexuous (23/23); with a clear modal length (13/17), or with no clear modal length (4/17); of 150-1504-2200 nm; 10-12.11-18 nm wide. Axial canal obvious (1/8), or obscure (7/8). Basic helix obvious (8/10), or obscure (2/10); pitch of basic helix 3-3.528-3.7 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations (4/5), or two sedimenting components in purified preparations (1/5); sedimentation coefficient 110-125-140 S; of the other(s) 80-85-90 S. Density 1.325-1.332-1.34 g cm^-3 in CsCl. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.44-1.61-1.73.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5-5.075-5.15 % nucleic acid; 94.85 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA (7/7); single-stranded (7/7); linear (3/3). Total genome size 7.1-13.96-20 kb. Genome unipartite (5/5); largest (or only) genome part 7.1-13.22-20 kb. Base composition 23.4-25.9-28.4 % G; 24.4-25.35-26.3 % A; 21-22.95-24.9 % C; 22.3-25.8-29.3 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap (1/1). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent (1/1). Poly A region absent (2/2). Additional factor not required for infectivity (2/2). Genome has no tRNA-like activity (1/1).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions (1/1). Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells (1/1). 1-3.5-6 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.6-10.9-15 kbp; 2nd largest 1.2-4.712-7 kbp; 3rd largest 0.4-3.037-5 kbp; 4th largest 2.7 kbp; 5th largest 1.6 kbp; 6th largest 1 kbp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one (4/4); M_r 22.3-20130-34000.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus (5/5). Acts as helper for another virus (1/1).

Cytopathology

Virions found in cytoplasm (9/9), or in nuclei (1/9). Inclusions present in infected cells (8/8); are crystals in the cytoplasm (2/8), or membranous bodies (3/8), or viroplasms (1/8), or unusual in shape (2/8); they contain virions (7/7).

Taxonomy and relationships

No data available.

Illustrations

Electron micrograph.

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Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 16^th January 1997.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.

Please send comments, corrections and suggestions to: vide-manager@biology.anu.edu.au